Being Admired or Being Liked

Pre-adulthood is a urgent stage in the advancement of a person. It is at this period that mental and intense subject matters emerge even now and again to the point of making burdensome and problematic conduct issues in youths. One of the numerous elements that influence the advancement of an immature is the economic wellbeing the person in question has. On account of teenagers, this economic wellbeing is resolved fundamentally in the school environment.A ongoing examination by Oldehinkel and partners, looks at the connections of the various factors of societal position of young people with that of burdensome issues. The examination presumed that burdensome issues are fundamentally influenced by two spaces of societal position which are accomplishment related and fondness related economic wellbeing. With the consequences of the investigations, it is additionally suggested that what data that has been gotten be utilized for future examinations that will attempt to explain the issue of economic wellbeing on adolescents.In commendation of the examination, the scientists have made a novel commitment to brain research using a wide extension and delimitation of the topic. Article Review: Being Admired or Being Liked Adolescence has been generally known as one of the most confused also the most fascinating stage with regards to the advancement of a person. It is at this phase one’s one of a kind character is found and created. Subsequently, young people experience an assortment of difficulties generally identified with their mental and enthusiastic health.In the examination study made by Oldehinkel and partners entitled â€Å"Being Admired or Being Liked: Classroom Social Status and Depressive Problems in Early Adolescent Girls and Boys†, the connections and associations of various parts of societal position of teenagers with that of burdensome issues in the study hall condition were dissected and talked about. Theory and Purpose of the Study Oldehinkel a nd confidants refered to numerous examinations on creatures as well as on people also concerning the since quite a while ago known relationship of low economic wellbeing with burdensome issues (2007).Social status has been characterized in two different ways, that is, through accomplishments and expressions of love. As far as accomplishments, the component of rivalry is available while as far as friendship, acknowledgment into a social gathering is vital (Oldehinkel, 2007). Albeit both are viewed as estimations of economic wellbeing, they are totally not the same as one another. In the investigation by Oldehinkel, the significance of these two meanings of societal position was concentrated in accordance with burdensome issues of pre-adult young men and young ladies (2007).The examination essentially centered around the pre-adulthood stage since this period is strikingly considered as a pivotal point where burdensome issues are as often as possible experienced. Accomplishment related and love related social statuses were fundamentally dissected in the investigation. These two perspectives on economic wellbeing are typically factors that influence the excitement of burdensome issues in people. In past examinations, the connections of sex contrast to the two meanings of economic wellbeing have been enormously examined.Such considers demonstrate that guys will in general be influenced more by accomplishment related societal position while females will in general be influenced a greater amount of love related status (Oldehinkel, 2007). In association with later and past examinations, the investigation built by Oldehinkel and partners was an invention of the considerable number of studies. Its very reason for existing is to look at the connection between early adolescent’s burdensome issues and economic wellbeing in the study hall condition (Oldehinkel, 2007).The significant speculation tried by the specialists is that low companion status in the accomplishme nt related area is generally critical for burdensome issues in young men, while in young ladies, burdensome issues are all the more emphatically connected with low friend status in the fondness related space (Oldehinkel, 2007). An optional theory is additionally figured where analysts derive that high economic wellbeing in a specific territory will make up for the individual’s despondency issues and low status in another specific region (Oldehinkel, 2007).Methodology of the Study Sample Participants were enlisted at first by utilizing the Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey or TRAILS, which is an examination on preadolescents whose point is to follow and clarify the improvement of the members (Oldehinkel, 2007, p. 419). The members were chosen in two phases. A solicitation to give names and addresses of all occupants conceived in a specific year run is made to five districts, urban and provincial the same, in the North of the Netherlands (Oldehinkel, 2007).In this progression, 3483 names were recorded (Oldehinkel, 2007). What's more, the specialists additionally moved toward elementary schools of similar regions this time, to demand cooperation in TRAILS. With the end goal for kids to be qualified, their schools ought to endorse support demands. A second influx of the TRAILS turned into the example populace of the investigation. With everything taken into account, the complete number of the members who were qualified and acknowledged to be a piece of the investigation, barring the guardians and the schools, is 1046 (Oldehinkel, 2007).In expansion to these members, schools having the TRAILS members were mentioned to participate in peer data and designations to decide the economic wellbeing of the taking an interest young people. Moreover, the guardians of the taking an interest young people additionally turned out to be a piece of the data gathering. Measure Employed for Data Collection For the friendship related and accomplishment relat ed status, the data was acquired from the companion assignments from the taking an interest schools. Polls were planned; six of which are friendship related, for example, â€Å"Which schoolmates do you like?†, though, accomplishment related inquiries, for example, â€Å"Who are acceptable at sports? † numbered three (Oldehinkel, 2007, p. 420). Extent of selections was utilized to decide the level of friend status. Data for the participants’ burdensome issues was gotten through the assistance of the adolescents’ guardians. Surveys were again utilized for this sort of information gathering. The specific poll utilized is the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) which is a normally used survey for youngster and pre-adult mental examination (Oldehinkel, 2007, p.420). Notwithstanding the information gathered from the guardians, self-reports from taking an interest young people were additionally accumulated using the survey Youth Self-Report, the partner of CBCL (Old ehinkel, 2007, p. 420). Measurable Analysis Statistical techniques to test the speculation and the connections between the various gatherings of data were utilized. These incorporate methods for and connections of the various factors, methods for t-tests and z-tests (Oldehinkel, 2007, p. 421). Besides, direct relapse examinations were likewise done.To better contrast the various factors with economic wellbeing, the scientists developed an arrangement of four consolidated status gatherings. In this framework, low and high (1) alludes to teenagers with a low status in a territory and a high status on another region, just low (2) alludes to young people having a low status in one region and no high status, just high (3) alludes to youths having just high status and no low status and finally, middle (4) alludes to young people who are neither low nor high in status in all regions (Oldehinkel, 2007, p. 421). Results and DiscussionResults show that females have more selections of being ac ceptable students just as gorgeous, though young men were assigned transcendently as great in sports. No noteworthy sex contrasts were watched for friendship related status in spite of the fact that outcomes bring up that young ladies are more veered to burdensome issues while young men to troublesome conduct issues (Oldehinkel, 2007, p. 422). In young ladies, burdensome issues were generally because of relationship to being loathed while boys’ burdensome issues are connected with being acceptable at sports (Oldehinkel, 2007, p.422). An intriguing outcome got is that much like young ladies, boys’ burdensome issues are exceptionally identified with the warmth related societal position (Oldehinkel, 2007, p. 422). This is in opposition to the past examinations that have indicated that young men will in general have burdensome issues caused essentially by accomplishment related low societal position. Strikingly, the consequences of the investigation additionally show that through the circulation of the members into the four status bunches frameworks, guys and females are very appropriated (Oldehinkel, 2007, p. 423).This is critical since it shows that there are no considerable sexual orientation contrasts with regards to social or companion status. Returning to the speculations planned by Oldehinkel and partners, the two theories are bolstered by the outcomes in the general degree in spite of the fact that in the individual status gatherings, a few patterns shift. By the by, the outcomes demonstrate that girls’ burdensome issues will in general be influenced by fondness related low societal position while boys’ burdensome issues are bound to be brought about by accomplishment related low social status.Furthermore, information shows that the adolescents’ high economic wellbeing in one space will in general check the impact of a low economic wellbeing in another area, along these lines, diminishing the occasions of burdensome issue s. For the most part, there is sex contrast among accomplishment and friendship related societal position. Nonetheless, no huge sexual orientation distinction is obvious on the games related space. This represents young ladies are likewise exceeding expectations in sports which is in opposition to conventional conviction that sports is especially identified with guys (Oldehinkel, 2007, p. 425).This might be clarified by the developing pattern in the public eye with respect to sex balance. Remarks and Recommendations What the specialists have found is novel. In spite of the fact that there have been numerous past examinations that tackle the subject of their investigation, the scop

Climate change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environmental change - Assignment Example These satellites empower researchers to contemplate the earth’s climatic change and furthermore discover the reason for the quick changes (Cook). This gathering to a great extent helps in giving out data and forecasts about the earth’s atmosphere. One of the satellite keeps an eye on the impact brought about by an Earth-wide temperature boost and furthermore the nursery impact (Cook). The science correspondence bunch accepts that these impacts are the primary driver of the rising ocean level because of ice age soften downs, hence clarifying why there is an ice liquefies down in the ice (Cook). HTTP://friendsofscience.com/is a logical asset and study page made in Canada, Alberta, and it is situated in Calgary and it is possessed by Michael Ignatieff (Cook). The companions of science site accept the sun is the primary aberrant and direct driver of the adjustment in atmosphere. Human exercises are totally throwed out of the impacts causing the quick climatic change. The site was propelled on 2002and from that point forward it has concocted ten legend of the adjustment in atmosphere (Cook). The site totally denies the way that there is a dangerous atmospheric devation throughout the previous three decades, they bolster their announcement since they state that the inflatable and satellite temperature record give that there is no indication of a worldwide temperature alteration (Cook). The principle crucial the companions of science site is to uncover to individuals the fundamental driver of the ice emergency in the cold (Cook). They enable this idea by their inflatable satellite investigation consequently accusing a worldwide temperature alteration for the sun therefore clarifying the idea of the ice emergency in the ice (Cook). They analyze the primary driver of the climatic change consequently recognizing individuals on what is truly going on (Cook). The environmental change has significantly prompted the ice emergency in the cold agreeing the companions of science site (Cook). They site accepts that there is no an unnatural weather change, and the sun is answerable for

Music Groups at MIT, Pt. 1

Music Groups at MIT, Pt. 1 [by Jessica Noss 14, Guest Blogger] In high school, I sang in the choir, played oboe in band and full orchestra, and participated in every musical, but I assumed that when I came to MIT, music would play a much smaller role in my life. I was very wrong. When I came to MIT last August, I decided I wanted to be in an instrumental group and a vocal group. I didnt think I had much chance at getting into the Symphony Orchestra (MITSO) or Wind Ensemble (MITWE), and I didnt want to bother preparing an audition piece or go through the torture of auditioning. Luckily, the Concert Band advertised that they would accept everyone, even if youd never played an instrument before but wanted to learn. For singing, there was the Chamber Chorus, the elite group which required a prepared solo for the audition, and there was the Concert Choir, a much larger group which did auditions in groups of 8 with no solos. There were also numerous a capella groups, but they all required prepared solos too. Having had many bad experiences with solo auditions in the past, I decided to just audition for Concert Choir and join Concert Band. At the Convocation during Orientation, the Chorallaries, MITs oldest a capella group, performed MITs Alma Mater, then broke into a rousing Take me back to Tech, one of their classic nerdy MIT songs (the most famous one being the Engineers Drinking Song). I fell in love with them. I knew I didnt stand a chance of getting in, but I desperately wanted to. The Chorallaries singing at the MIT Convocation 2010. I finally decided that if I did enough auditions, I would eventually overcome my nervousness about singing solo. To that end, I went to the Activities Midway (an event where students advertise their groups and ask you to join lots of email lists) and signed up to audition for eight of the nine a capella groups (now, theres a tenth one, the Ohms). I tried to sign up for the ninth one, the Logarhythms, but one of the members stopped me, apologetically informing me that it was a male-only group. After hearing other a capella groups perform, my desperation to join the Chorallaries had turned into a desperation to be in an a capella group. Next, I went to the instrumental music table. When they heard that I was joining Concert Band because I didnt think I was good enough to get into anything by audition, they told me to audition anyway. Despite not having prepared an audition piece, I signed up for MITSO and MITWE auditions. (Later, I had to dig up a piece Id played years before and relearn it.) I also came across the four theatre groups and signed up to audition for a play, a musical, and a pit orchestra. I figured if I was going to make a fool of myself attempting to sing solo and playing a piece I didnt really know, I might as well go all out and do it multiple times. The first day of auditions was the worst. I had scheduled it so that I would have four a capella auditions, all about an hour apart, then the Chorallaries audition. Sure enough, by the time I got to the Chorallaries, I was too tired of auditions to be nervous about singing solo. But my voice also wasnt too happy about the grueling schedule. All the auditions were very casual; most of them did warm-ups to test my range and some sort of pitch-matching or sight-reading exercise, and then I would sing my solo. Over the next week, I auditioned for all the remaining groups. Some of the auditions were kind of awkward. The Cross Products are the Christian a capella group. They asked me what certain quotes from the bible meant to me and whether I agreed with them. I explained that I wasnt religious at all, so most of the quotes didnt mean anything to me, and it didnt really matter to me whether they were true or not. I just wanted to be in a singing group. I also explained that it wouldnt bot her me if I was in the group and we went around spreading Christianity, but I wasnt surprised when they didnt accept me. Eventually, all the audition results came in. Most of them were rejections: Syncopasian (they sing Asian music), Muses (the female group), Cross Products, Toons, Chorallaries, Resonance, Asymptones (youve gotta love these names), and a play. But some groups accepted me. I somehow got into both MITSO and MITWE, and I got into Techiya, the Jewish/Hebrew/Israeli a capella group. Unlike the Cross Products, Techiya isnt a religious group, although it often sings religious music. I also got into both the cast and the pit orchestra for a musical, as well as Concert Choir (but theyll accept almost anyone). Moral of the story? If you really want to be in a music group, or if you tend to get really nervous at auditions, just audition for everything. Chances are youll get into at least one group, and even if it wasnt a group you would normally have considered joining, well, at least youre in something. And if you decide Jewish music isnt your thing, you can always leave at the end of the semester. You can also just try it for a week and then decide. Wonder which music groups I chose and why? Then stay tuned for my next blog!

Essential Nutrients For Creating Healthy Brains - 862 Words

Why essential nutrients are needed for creating healthy brains The brain is amazingly soft, composed primarily of fat and water. It is grayish and pudding-like - composed of 100 billion brain cells - called neurons that drive our thinking, learning, feeling and states of being. Neurons need good fats, protein, complex carbohydrates, micronutrients - vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients - and water. Most of these nutrients are essential nutrients that the body cannot synthesize on its own -- or not to an adequate amount -- and must be provided by the diet. These nutrients are used to drive the learning and protective functions of neurons. ROLE OF ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS IN CREATING THE HEALTHY BRAINS Essential Nutrients Role In Creating The†¦show more content†¦Lastly, iron is used to form dopamine, a neurotransmitter in the brain that is a key player in learning, mood and behavior. Vitamin D Activated vitamin D receptors increase nerve growth in your brain. Vitamin D has metabolic pathways in the hippocampus and cerebellum of the brain areas that are involved in planning, processing of information, and the formation of new memories. Vitamin E Vitamin E functions as an antioxidant and the brain is particularly susceptible to free radicals (damaging, unstable molecules). Higher levels of vitamin E correspond with less cognitive decline as you get older and also delay the progression of Alzheimer. Vitamin K Vitamin K can help to prevent Alzheimer’s. One of the major functions of vitamin K is to regulate calcium in bones and in the brain age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer s disease. Thiamin Thiamin (B1) helps the body convert carbohydrates into energy nervous system to function properly. Riboflavin Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) is one of the essential B vitamins, known to help support adrenal function, help calm and maintain a healthy nervous system, and facilitate key metabolic processes, including helping to turn food into energy. Niacin Niacin (Vitamin B3) is used for schizophrenia, hallucinations due to drugs, Alzheimer’s disease and age-related loss of thinking skills, chronic brain syndrome, depression, motion sickness, alcohol

How Nail Polish Works and What Its Made Of

Nail polish is a type of lacquer thats used to decorate fingernails and toenails. Because it has to be strong, flexible, and resist chipping and peeling, nail polish contains a number of chemicals. Heres a look at the chemical composition of nail polish and the function of each of the ingredients. Chemical Composition of Nail Polish Basic clear nail polish can be made from nitrocellulose dissolved in butyl acetate or ethyl acetate. The nitrocellulose forms a shiny film as the acetate solvent evaporates. However, most polishes contain an extensive list of ingredients. Solvents Solvents are liquids used to mix other ingredients in nail polish to yield a uniform product. Usually, the first ingredient(s) in nail polish are solvents. Once you apply the polish, the solvents evaporate away. The amount and type of solvent determine how thick a polish is and how long it will take to dry. Examples of solvents include ethyl acetate, butyl acetate,  and alcohol. Toluene, xylene,  and formalin or formaldehyde are toxic chemicals that were once common in nail polish but are rarely found now or found only in low concentrations. Film Formers Film formers are chemicals that form the smooth surface on a coat of nail polish. The most common film former is nitrocellulose. Resins Resins make the film adhere to the nail bed. Resins are ingredients that add depth, gloss,  and hardness to the film of nail polish. An example of a polymer used as a resin in nail polish is tosylamide-formaldehyde resin. Plasticizers While resins and film formers give polish strength and gloss, they produce a brittle lacquer. Plasticizers are chemicals that help keep polish flexible and reduce the chance that it will crack or chip, which they do by linking to polymer chains and increasing the distance between them. Camphor is a common plasticizer. Pigments Pigments are chemicals that add color to nail polish. An astonishing variety of chemicals may be used as nail polish pigments. Common pigments include iron oxides and other colorants, such as youd find in paint or varnish. Pearls Nail polish that has a shimmery or glittery effect may contain pearlescent minerals, such as titanium dioxide or ground mica. Some polishes may contain bits of plastic glitter or other additives that produce a special effect. Additional Ingredients Nail polishes may contain thickening agents, such as stearalkonium hectorite, to keep the other ingredients from separating and to make the polish easier to apply. Some polishes contain ultraviolet filters, such as benzophenone-1, which help prevent discoloration when the polish is exposed to sunlight or other forms of ultraviolet light.

Mike McCurry Free Essays

Mike McCurry is a partner at Public Strategies Washington Inc. where he provides strategic communications counsel. He is a co-chairman of Hands off the Internet, a coalition of telecommunication-related businesses. We will write a custom essay sample on Mike McCurry or any similar topic only for you Order Now McCurry served as press secretary to President Bill Clinton from 1995 until 1998. His views and opinions on the 2006 elections are as follows: I think what we need is a new politics of the center that with the right kind of charismatic candidate could lead to the development of a third party. I think that may happen as we look ahead to 2008. So the big question in American politics now – is it [the American political party system] binary or is it tripartite? Presidential wannabe Mike Huckabee seems to have forgotten about how the Ds and the Rs worked together to give us the Patriot Act, the War and Iraq, and numerous other assaults on our freedom: You have parties that essentially don’t work together to solve problems, and I think people in America are not so much looking for an ideological government, they’re looking for a problem-solving government. White House correspondent Mike Allen more or less admits that he ignores candidates who don’t have an R or a D attached to their name: One of the ways that you’re able to sort of keep things down the middle is that you spend as much time talking to the opposition as you do talking to your candidate. So if I’m, for instance, covering President Bush in 2004 and I have the privilege to be on Air Force One covering his events, I’ll also talk during the day to the Kerry campaign on my cell phone, read their e-mails as they come through to our Treos or Blackberrys or the other little devices that we carry. So at the end of the day, if you’re covering a candidate, you know the best argument for what they’re saying because you hear their events, talk to the staff members who love and appreciate them, and you know any holes there might be in that argument because you’re doing the research yourself, often with the aid of the other side. So what we try to do is bring those together and give people the complete package. Political scientists will tell you that the almost natural result of that is two dominant parties running for the center, trying to offend as few people as possible, and that’s what gives us situations where everybody avoids the issues when they’re running for office, situations where you have groupthink to a certain extent in legislatures, such as the resounding vote in allowing President Bush to take us to war in Iraq. I am agreeing with views and opinions by Mr. Mike McCurry since from the opposite side of the political divide, Mike McCurry has strikingly similar views. He watched the Gingrich revolution from his perch as Clinton’s press secretary from 1995 until 1998. Democratic and Republican strategists Mike McCurry and Jack Oliver and Shayne Moore, a stay-at-home mom queuing up to vote. It urges Americans to ask â€Å"what does your candidate think† about global poverty when casting a vote at the polls. In 2004, when congressional Democrats discussed how the party could connect with religious Americans, there was one man everyone wanted in the room: Mike McCurry. Not only was McCurry press secretary for President Bill Clinton — one of the last Democrats to earn amens from the choir — he is also a Methodist Sunday school teacher and a board member at Wesley Theological Seminary in Washington. â€Å"Mike lives his faith in such a committed way and believes deeply that public service is a form of Christian vocation,† said Sen. John Kerry, D-Mass. McCurry, who turns 52 next week, is best known for facing down the media during the Clinton impeachment proceedings — a chore that won him the respect (and sympathy) of his peers. More recently, he advised Kerry’s 2004 presidential campaign on religious outreach after the candidate began to take heat from Catholic conservatives. (for more details, see the   www.uselectionatlas.org official site) How to cite Mike McCurry, Essay examples

The Neandertals Essay Example For Students

The Neandertals Essay The NeandertalsStaring into the gloom, I imagine the caves ancient inhabitants,wrapped in bear skins, huddled near a fire. The haunches of areindeer roast in the fire. A mother nurses her infant. Childrenplayfully throw pieces of bone into the flames. An old woman tendsthe wounds of a hunter with an herbal ointment. The strong smellsof smoke, unwashed bodies, and rotting carcasses thicken the air. Until recently, nobody would have assumed that the above passage (RickGore, pp.6) was about how the Neandertals lived. However, recent studies haveshown that Neandertals are smarter than we first thought. The geography of the Neandertals domain was quite odd. 230,000 yearsago Europe was filled with caves, marshes, and grasslands. It was a very harshand cold wilderness. The Neandertals were in existence right in the middle ofthe Ice Age, and although occasional warm periods would create subtropicalconditions as far north as England for thousands of years, the glaciers wouldalways return and the Neandertals would always be forced south again. TheNeandertals could be found as far north as England and as far south as Spain,from Gibralter to Uzbekistan. We will write a custom essay on The Neandertals specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Neandertal bones have been found in the Neander Valley and DusseldorfGermany, in Altamura, Italy and Vindija, Croatia. These are major sites for theEuropean caves the Neandertals lived in. Although the Neandertals went to thesouthern tip of Italy, they never crossed the Mediterranean Sea to Africa. Theymigrated from central Europe to central Asia to the Middle East and always cameback. Their main mode of moving around was on their feet, and they usuallytravelled in bands of no more than 30 people. The Neandertals had broad noses, and scientists think this was to warmthe cold air. They also had thick browridges, receding chins, high foreheads,and their skulls sloped back over their brains. They learned to hunt in groupsin order to kill the bigger game. The Neandertals lived with modern humans for10,000 years, but they didnt change, and eventually it is believed the modernhumans conquered them with their more advanced technology. Although not much is known about the Neandertals culture,anthropologists have some ideas of how they lived their life. It is believed by many that the Neandertals practiced cannibalism for adeath ritual. There is evidence of this on the skulls and big bones ofNeandertals. There are cut marks and some bones have been broken open and arewithout marrow. Why would they do this? Maybe they liked the way theirneighbors tasted, or maybe it was a ritual for a religion of theirs. There isother evidence they have a religion. One archaeologist found a carved andpolished ivory tooth, and since it looked to have no purpose as a tool, it ismost probably a spiritual object. The bodies of people were found in a cavewith flowers around them. This also suggests some sort of religion. Scientists had always thought that the technology of the Neandertals wasprimitive. However, they have changed their minds. You need a lot of brainsfor flint knapping, Jacques Pelegrin of the French Center for ArchaeologicalResearch. Recent excavations show that Neandertal tools required a high levelof craftsmanship and mental ability. During most of their existence,Neandertals have what is called Mousterian technology- flaked tools (i.e. scrapers and points) and this remained unchanged for 100,000 years. During thelast few thousand years of their lives, they developed what is calledChatelperronian technology- hafted points and more complex. It was also thought that the Neandertals couldnt speak. One theory isthat they communicated through mental telepathy, due to the large brains. Nowthough, anthropologists believe that the Neandertals spoke at least arudimentary language. A hyoid bone(the voice box hangs from it in the back ofthe throat) was found in a body recently. They may not have had a language ascomplex as ours. but at least they could talk to each other, saidChristopher Stringer, a paleoanthropologist at the Natural History Museum inLondon. .u95787a21631bb85f9ee6761a7c8cdb86 , .u95787a21631bb85f9ee6761a7c8cdb86 .postImageUrl , .u95787a21631bb85f9ee6761a7c8cdb86 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u95787a21631bb85f9ee6761a7c8cdb86 , .u95787a21631bb85f9ee6761a7c8cdb86:hover , .u95787a21631bb85f9ee6761a7c8cdb86:visited , .u95787a21631bb85f9ee6761a7c8cdb86:active { border:0!important; } .u95787a21631bb85f9ee6761a7c8cdb86 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u95787a21631bb85f9ee6761a7c8cdb86 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u95787a21631bb85f9ee6761a7c8cdb86:active , .u95787a21631bb85f9ee6761a7c8cdb86:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u95787a21631bb85f9ee6761a7c8cdb86 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u95787a21631bb85f9ee6761a7c8cdb86 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u95787a21631bb85f9ee6761a7c8cdb86 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u95787a21631bb85f9ee6761a7c8cdb86 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u95787a21631bb85f9ee6761a7c8cdb86:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u95787a21631bb85f9ee6761a7c8cdb86 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u95787a21631bb85f9ee6761a7c8cdb86 .u95787a21631bb85f9ee6761a7c8cdb86-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u95787a21631bb85f9ee6761a7c8cdb86:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Journalism during War EssayThe Neandertals were plagued by injuries and disease, but there isevidence that they were cared for by the group. They ate cave bears and aurochsand other big game, slicing off the skin with sharp flints. The skins theycured and wore draped over their bodies, and they made buildings resemblingteepees out of wood or mammoth bones and the hides of some animals. The Neandertals had a compassionate side, something not expected fromtheir big and squat appearance. They cared for their sick and injured, and theyhad families, as a man, two women, and an infant were found buried together withpersonal decorations on them and pollen from wildflowers. Some think thatbodies were also disposed of in large caves for housecleaning. Still, one of the biggest questions of Neandertals today is whathappened to them? Nobody really knows. There are many theories, however. The Neandertals inhabited Europe from about 230,000 to 30,000 years ago. About 40,000 years ago the modern humans arrived. They lived peacefully side byside for 10,000 years and then all record of Neandertal life ends. It isthought that the modern humans conquered and destroyed the Neandertals withtheir advanced technology. Or maybe the Neandertals interbred with the modernhumans and got slowly replaced, unable to compete. It is also possible that anatural disaster(like the Ice Age) caught them in the north and they were unableto leave, as they were surrounded by modern humans. It is very surprising that there is no record of violence between theNeandertals and the modern humans. I see confrontation. People who grow up inthe Middle East understand that. We dont like each other. We rarelyintermarry, and we kill each other whenever we can. I dont think you canprevent competition among societies, said Ofer Bar-Yosef. If that is so, thenmaybe the modern humans DID overthrow the Neandertals. All anthropologist know is that 35,000 years ago the Neandertalsmigrated one last time to the caves on the southern tip of Spain, and yet theynever once tried to get over to Africa. Why not?I see them again, chipping at flints and gazing down at herds ofelk and aurochs that grazed the rich grasslands below. Now,where their prey once wandered, the ships of many nations anchor. Beyond them, Africa looms through the haze, filling me withwanderlust and questions. (Rick Grey, pp. 35)

Business Plan Essay Writing Guidelines Essays

Business Plan Essay Writing Guidelines Essays Business Plan Essay Writing Guidelines Paper Business Plan Essay Writing Guidelines Paper A business financial plan is a special assignment, which comprises a description of a specific business idea, startup or project. It is a necessary document encompassing significant volumes of info describing various aspects of entrepreneurs activity. What is more, a business plan comprises an analysis of the market niche, potential counterparts, and counting of the spendings and profits. This document serves as a list of guidelines for a young entrepreneur. It also allows elaborating effective strategies for prosperous development of the business. Business plan essay is a type of paper, in which the student has to reflect on a topic based on a business marketing plan. The task of a writer is to compile and extensive writing, comprising the discussion of a specific issue. Exists many topics, which can serve as a basis for this writing. For example, a scholarly supervisor can demand to write an essay analyzing the specific chapter of a business plan or estimate the documents in general. One can also receive a task requiring to reflect on the strategies helping to create a business plan etc. No matter what topic the essay will have, a writer should approach the preparation process seriously. One has to gather all the necessary materials, examine statistical data, include examples and relevant references. One has to create an extensive paper presenting a proper discussion of a given topic. To prepare this task, a student should be experienced in writing and have well-trained critical thinking skills. What is more, a writer should be able to works with various sources of information to be able to gather all the necessary data. This task requires a writer serious and responsible attitude as well as a creative approach. How to write a business plan essay? Writing of a business plan essay requires from a student the performing of several practical steps that will lead him to the creation of proper paper. Primarily, one has to focus on the choice of a topic. It is an essential step, as it defines the level of complicatedness of the whole writing process. There are cases when scholarly supervisors offer the standard topic. In that case, the task is more manageable. However, in most of the cases, students have to decide on topics on themselves. The prolific strategy will be to pick the theme that is the most familiar to the writer. It will be easier for him to choose the relevant info, provide excellent examples and grab the attention of a target reader. It is necessary to create a catchy topic to make the reader interested and involve him in the reading process. After that, a writer should conduct small research to gather all the necessary data. One can consult various sources and gather the statistical data to be able to collect all the material. It will help to create an informative and extensive business plan essay. The next important step presupposes the compilation of the outline. It serves as a business plan development for your future writing. In this plan, one has to write a short version of a future writing. It should be like a scheme. While writing, the author will be able to consult an outline to create a logical, coherent and cohesive paper. Then follows the very writing stage. However, it is not so difficult if a writer prepared an outline and gathered all the info in advance. The last step is polishing the paper. The writer should examine it on the availability of errors and eliminate them. How to structure a business plan essay? Exist many characteristics of written assignments that influence the overall quality of the paper. To the list of the most important criteria, it is possible to include the relevance of the content, the cohesion and cohesiveness, logical order, grammatical correctness and since loading. Proper structuring helps to achieve the perfection in the compilation of the paper. Business plan essay structure comprises the introductory part, the main body, and the concluding part. Each of these sense blocks has its peculiarities and writer should strictly stick to them. The introduction is the opening part of the essay. The first sentence of the intro is called a hook sentence. It should be logical and attention-grabbing. One can use a famous quotation or an interesting fact to attract the attention of a target reader. The next statement should create a background and prepare the reader for the perception of a thesis sentence. A thesis sentence in the last element of the intro. It is a basis for the whole writing. Try to make it thought-provoking. The central body part has to comprise 2-3 paragraphs. In this section, the task of a writer is to provide persuasive arguments supporting the thesis sentence. What is more, an author has to enhance each argument with a relevant example illustrating or clarifying the argument. The closing part is a conclusion. In this section, the author has to sum up all the info discussed in the essay. One has to emphasize the thesis once more and clarify one’s position concerning the central topic. The last sentence of a final paragraph should be inspiring. It should create a positive feeling in the mind of the target audience. It is essential to create a sentence that will allow the reader to understand the essay was informative and useful. Order business plan essay on paperap.com The preparation of a business plan essay is a serious and complicated task. To create a proper paper author has to be advanced in writing, think critically and apply creative thinking skills. What is more, the compilation of this task demands full dedication and spending much time. That is why, students, who are overloaded with their tasks find this task difficult and challenging. paperap.com is a modern and well-developed business essay writing platform offering help with the creation of different types of papers. We can help every customer applying for assistance! Within the shortest terms, after a client makes an order, we can create an informative business plan essay that will suit the requirements of the most demanding scholarly supervisor! We offer many advantages to making the service worth choosing! The best reputation, reasonable prices and the papers of the highest quality here! Our service created the best conditions for its clients. We value our users and try to do our best to satisfy their needs. You can ask questions and receive consultations in our customer support center in a live chat regime. A client can apply for the unlimited number of revisions and count of a refund if the quality of the essay does not satisfy him. paperap.com service works 24/7! You can make an order at any time of day or night even if there are a few hours till the deadline. As soon as you formulate the order form and perform the payment, our experts launch the preparation process. Thanks to the high professionalism of our specialists you will receive your business plan essay within the stated deadline!

Ambient Temperature Definition in Weather

Ambient Temperature Definition in Weather In weather, ambient temperature refers to the current air temperature - the overall temperature of the outdoor air that surrounds us. In other words, ambient air temperature is the same thing as ordinary air temperature. When indoors, ambient temperature is sometimes called room temperature. When calculating the dew point temperature, the ambient temperature is also referred to as the  dry-bulb  temperature. The dry bulb temperature is a measure of the dry air temperature without evaporative cooling. What Does Ambient Air Temperature Tell Us? Unlike  maximum high and minimum low temperatures, ambient air temperature tells you nothing about the weather forecast. It simply tells what the air temperature is right now, outside your door. As such, its value constantly changes minute-by-minute. Dos and Donts of Measuring Ambient Air Temperature To measure the ambient air temperature, all you need is a thermometer and to follow these simple rules. Dont and youll risk getting a bad temperature reading. Keep the thermometer out of direct sunlight.  If the sun is shining on your thermometer, its going to record the heat from the sun,  and not the ambient heat in the air. For this reason, always be careful to place thermometers in the shade.Dont place your thermometer too low near the ground or too high above it. Too low, and it will pick up excess heat from the ground. Too high and it will cool from winds. A height of around five feet above ground works best.Place the thermometer in an open, well-ventilated area. This keeps the air circulating freely around it, which means it will represent the temperature of the surrounding environment.Keep the thermometer covered. Shielding it from the sun, rain, snow, and frost provides a standardized environment.Place it over a natural (grassy or dirt) surface. Concrete, pavement, and stone attract and store heat, which they can then radiate towards your thermometer giving it a higher temperature reading than the actual environment. Ambient vs. Apparent (Feels-Like) Temperatures Ambient temperature can provide a general idea of whether you will need a jacket or a sleeveless top, but it does not provide much information about how the weather will feel to an actual human being as she steps outside. Thats because the ambient temperature doesnt take into account the relative humidity of the air or the impact of the wind on human perceptions of heat or cold.   The amount of moisture (mugginess) or humidity in the air can make it harder for sweat to evaporate; this, in turn, will make you feel warmer. As a result, the heat index will increase even if the ambient air temperature will remain steady. This explains why dry heat is often less bothersome than moist heat. Winds can play a role in how cold a temperature will feel to human skin. The wind chill factor can cause the air to have a perceived lower temperature. Thus, an ambient temperature of 30 degrees Fahrenheit can feel like 30 degree, 20 degrees, or even ten degrees in a stiff breeze.

Robotics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Robotics - Research Paper Example Plurality of identity refers to chosen or multiple identities (Miller 2013, 2). Real identity is an aggregate of selves or identity aspects in various contexts and real identity is not subject to manipulation (Cocking 2009, 127; 135). Online identities might correspond to real identity and multiple identities are virtually possible on the same or different online platforms (Ellison 2013, 10; 14). Basically, social media enables users manipulate, diversify or distort identities for legitimate reasons such as privacy or deliberate misinformation. Cocking (2009) asserts that computer-mediated communication enables showcasing of users, entrance and contribution to interest groups and communities (123). Digital technologies have enabled modification of identity or creation of several identities (Ludovico, n.d.). Miller (2013; Ludovico, n.d.) refers to the 1993 New Yorker cartoon of a dog telling another that virtually, nobody knows it is a dog to explain virtual identities (3). The dissolution of the real life identity by technological advances results in fragmentation illustrated by multiplicity of identities and interconnections in various digital media. Private content postings results in partial representations of real life identity which is disjointed and rarely matches the original. Ludovico likens the phenomenon to opening up to strangers not likely to be met again. These online identities are unpredictable since they are constantly updated to create fictitious characters and exaggerate of real ones in identity experimentation. In pre and post web 2.0 standards, social media influenced formation of plural identities. The web 2.0 sites enable user generated content as opposed to the preexisting commercially and institutionally generated content (Vallor 2012; Pasquier 2010, 21). Vallor 2012 asserts that early use of these sites linked

Mentoring as Part of Professional Development Essay

Mentoring as Part of Professional Development - Essay Example This essay discusses that within the professional development domains, mentoring works at producing magnanimous effects for the people who want to bring about a positive change within their working ideologies. If the aim is to set things in a corrective fashion, mentoring is the path that shall take one towards that. However, it comes with its own disparities. One such is the manner in which the mentoring is being undertaken. The professional development requires of the organizations to embed mentoring as a vital ingredient because it embodies the basis of success that any enterprise or corporate entity can achieve with the passage of time. It will also dictate how well the organization has been able to showcase its professionals and how these individuals have been shaped up to meet the desired goals and expectations which were of them in the first place. The mentoring role is such an important one that it has been talked about in different circles time and time again. The ones who p erform the art of mentoring are taken in a good stead and given the respect that they richly deserve. This is the reason why the mentor is seen as someone whom people look up to for help and assistance, and who brings with him a significant amount of experience and knowledge. The mentor is therefore given respect for what she does and how she is able to garner support from the people who believe in his mentoring. He is usually the one people look up to and seeks help in terms of their respective needs and requirements. The organizations have also started to branch out to such mentors because they know that these will bring in help for the employees and workers. These are in the form of counselors who are doing their best to bring sanity within the ranks of the employees and give them the help that they direly require. However, professional development can only come about when there are concerted efforts to do things right on the part of the person who is bringing that change within his own entirety. It just cannot happen overnight and the mentor can help only to a certain level. This is the basis of understanding how mentoring is and what roles are required for mentoring in the related settings. If such comprehensions are reached upon easily, there would be success for all and sundry, and the professional developments would be handled in an amicable way. What is Mentoring? Mentoring is defined as the formal or informal relationship between two people where one is a senior and another, a junior. It involves communication and is based on the premise of having a relationship – formal or informal. It is based on the personal developmental relationship perspective where an experienced or more knowledgeable person holds the torch for the one who is not that skilled and has little or less experience and knowledge. Since mentoring involves some form of empathy within the individual who is mentoring, it is the duty of the person who is being mentored that he lis tens and adapts to what the mentor has to say. It will then create a situation where both the mentor and the mentee are on the same page, and the process of mentoring will come about in full circle. This is so required because if the mentor and th

Advanced decisions in end of life planning

Advanced decisions in end of life planning The advanced care planning (ACP)process is concerned with ensuring the patient has expressed their wishes should their condition deteriorate, leaving them without mental capacity or unable to communicate their decision.(REF LCP)Part of this process is allowing the patient to create advanced decisions with regards to refusing treatment (Joseph, 2010). As end of life planning is such a vast topic this essay will critically evaluate the key principles of advanced decisions with regards to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). CPR is an issue in many health care settings including hospitals, primary care, day hospitals and nursing homes. The ethical debate and the associated problems with advanced decisions are becoming ever more apparent due to the ever increasing number of elderly people in nursing and residential homes. (DH, 2000, 2010). Previous evidence based research has looked at helping elderly people and their families with decision making in end of life planning (references) as well as Patients requesting Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders against the advice of others (REF). There appears to be a gap in the literature concerning the complexity of the tensions associated between the nurse, the rights of the patient and family (or independent advocate) when the patient has specifically requested resuscitation in the event of a cardiac arrest against the advice of the multidisciplinary team. This reflection is based on an issue experienced within my practice and can cause many ethical and moral debates for the nursing staff. The knowledge gained from this reflection will inform my future practice on how patients rights are supported or challenged and the subsequent roles of the nurse. Gibbs (1988) developed his model of reflection in order to reflect on events, critically evaluate fundamental concepts and influence future practice. The first element of this model is based on experience and a description of events. Mr Smith is an elderly gentleman in his late 80s currently living in a nursing home. He has one daughter and a son in law who he is close to and his wife and son passed away a few years ago. Mr Smiths health has been deteriorating over a period of time and the staff nurses and his daughter want to begin the advanced care planning process. For the purpose of this reflection, names and personal data has been changed in line with the NMCs (2008) policy on confidentiality. It is often difficult to establish when a person is reaching the final stages of life (Ellershaw Wilkinson, 2003), however factors have been identified in the Liverpool Care Pathway in order to allow patients to be assessed, including reduced performance status (Karnovsky, 1949); increased dependence in activities of daily living (Barthel, 1965); weight loss and overall physical decline (McNicholl, 2006). Mr Smith had lost a significant amount of weight over the previous 6 months, was requiring more help with various tasks, including personal hygiene and often required the use of a wheelchair as he was becoming more unstable on his feet. It was due to this that it was felt the ACP process was necessary. Effective nursing practice relies upon the ability to develop therapeutic relationships with the patient and family (Peplau, 1952). The qualities of the relationship include good listening skills, a build up of trust and empathy ( Watt-Watson, Garfinkel, Gallop, Stevens, 2002). It is important for relatives to be included in discussions concerning end of life planning as it allows everyone involved to understand and come to terms with the decision (McDermott 2002). A meeting was arranged with Mr smith and his daughter (after consent was gained) to disuss his care wishes in the event of his condition deteriorating. Mr Smith understood that his condition was getting worse but was adamant that he wanted every effort to keep him alive. Therefore, if he went under cardiac arrest Mr Smith would wish the nurse to commence CPR. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitiation (CPR) is a complicated ethical decision comprising of many legal, ethical and emotional decisions for that of the nurse, patient and family (Jeven, 1999). The principle role of the nurse is to assist the patient in restoring or maintaining the best level of health possible (NMC, 2004). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a procedure that aims to prolong the life of an individual who goes under a cardiac arrest by attempting to restore breathing and increase oxygenated blood flow to the brain and heart. The decision to carry out this procedure should be based on any potential risks or benefits to the patient and should not be carried out with no regard to the quality or life expectancy of the patient (BMA, Royal College of Nursing the Resuscitation Council, 2007). These discussions led to a divide in attitudes as it was felt by the majority that a do not resuscitate (DNR) order would be the most sensible and realistic option. A DNR order is often implemented when a person is extremely ill and death is imminent (British Medical Association, 2007). Furthermore, if the patient has other chronic illnesses, which will reduce the quality or length of life, CPR has the potential to prolong suffering and do more harm than good and so would not be deemed beneficial (BMA, Royal College of Nursing the Resuscitation Council, 2007). However, Mr Smith did not agree with this and felt angry and confused as to why his family would suggest that a DNR would be appropriate. He was willing to accept the associated risks of CPR and maintained that his age should not prevent him being entitled to treatment. This statement is supported by equal rights for the elderly, in which people cannot be denied CPR just because of age (DH, 2001). This decision appeared somewhat irrational as he had stated for some time that it was his time to go and he was fed up of suffering and his mental capacity was called into question. The Mental Capacity Act (2005) states that an advanced decision (formerly known as an advanced directive) gives a person over the age of 18, who is deemed to have mental capacity, the ability to consent to or refuse a specific treatment if they become in a position where they lack capacity or are unable to state their decision. A person is considered to have capacity if they are able to understand and retain information in order to make an informed decision; be able to understand the consequences of any interventions and be able to communicate their decision (GMC, 2008). Current English law states that individuals are presumed to have mental capacity unless it can be proven otherwise and this does not take away the allowance for seemingly irrational and risky decisions to be made (NMC, 2004, BMA 2009, DOH, 2001, MCA, 2005) Mr Smith was deemed to have full mental capacity as he fulfilled the criteria outlined by the MCA (2005) and a second opinion doctor was also called to ensure that this was the case. If the patient lacked capacity to make their own decisions, nursing staff must act in line with the patients best wishes (Dimond, 2006). In such circumstances members of the multidisciplinary team must be able to provide clear justification (Hutchinson, 2005). Had it been the case that Mr Smith lacked capacity it would have been reasonable for the nurse to justify not performing CPR, however, failure to comply with his wishes could potentially lead to legal and professional consequences as the NMC (2004) states that patients autonomy must be respected even where this may result in harm. However, the ACP is not legally binding as clinical judgement takes priority (REF LCP). This can put the nurse into a moral dilemma because following professional and legal responsibilities would deny the patient their rights. Beauchamp and Childress (1994) devised an ethical framework based on 4 moral principles to provide guidance on the conflict between the role of the nurse and the rights of the patient. Beneficence, suggests that any decision to be made must be in the best interests of the specific patient as well as weighing up potential benefit and risks (Beauchamp Childress, 2008). In this case it could be suggested that the risks far outweigh any potential benefits and to do CPR would not be the greater good but this would affect the principle of autonomy. Autonomy is the patients right to accept or refuse any medical treatment. It follows deontological theories (Mill, 1982) which deem an action to be right, if it accords with a moral duty or code, regardless of the outcome (Noble-Adams 1999). This approach would justify the nurse performing CPR because they would be following their legal and professional code of conduct in that a patients wishes must be respected and carried out (NMC, 2008). How ever going against the patients wishes could also be deemed as morally right as part of the nurses role is to allow the patient to die with dignity (King,1996). Howver, this could be suggested as following the traditional notion of paternalism, which is not compatible with modern day ethics (Rumbold, 1999). All of these issues cause a moral dilemma for the nurse and impact upon the patients rights as it has been suggested that CPR can deny a patients right to die with dignity by prolonging the dying process (McDermott 2002) and so could be suggested that the greatest good in the situation would be achieved by not performing CPR. The principle of non-maleficence is based on doing no harm (Edwards, 1996). Many people have unrealistic expectations of the success rates of CPR due to media representations (Dean 2001). Patients who survive cardiac arrests following resuscitation is as low as 20% and not all of these inidivudals get to the position of being well enough to be discharged from hospital (Cardozo, 2005). These rates of success are reduced even further when patients have underlying problems and poor health (Schultz 1997). However, it could be argued that the ultimate harm would be to do nothing resulting in death which would also be against Mr smiths wishes. The fact that Mr smith was already considered emaciated and having deteriorating health increases the risk of physical damage during chest compressions but as Mr Smith had already written an advanced directive stating he wished to receive CPR then this should be carried out (Pennels, 2001). This puts the nurse in a serious dilemma as patients and the ir families taking legal action is becoming increasingly common (Oxtoby, 2005) and the nurse is bound by the legalities of their professional code, which would claim that failing to carry out CPR would be considered negligent (Jevon, 1999) and as nurses are professionally accountable for their actions this could put their career in jepoardy(NMC, 2004). The final ethical principle of Justice is concerned with fairness and equality maintaining that every individual has the right to life (Human Rights Act, 1998) and therefore, the patient has a right for the nurse to carry out CPR (even if they have not previously stated this) especially if they have an advanced descision stating that they wish to be resuscitated in the event of cardiac arrest. (Costello, 2002). After all this has been taken into consideration, the rights of the patient, including those who have an advanced decision can still be overruled as before the decision can be applied there must be reasonable evidence to suggest that the decision is still valid and applicable (BMA, 2007). Mr Smith appeared not to be acting in line with his advanced decisions as he was refusing to eat or drink and appeared withdrawn in his personality, not wanting to participate in his activities of living (Roper, Logan and Tierney, 2000). It has been suggested that many health care professionals do not discuss goals of care as they have inadequate communication skills or that there is often conflicting ideas between the patient and professional about what is in their best interests (Haidet et al, 1998) As this has often found to be the case, one of the registered nurses decided to have a further chat with Mr Smith as it was felt that his needs were not being appropriately addressed. It transpired that Mr Smith did wish to die a peaceful death but was scared of what might happen and if he said he did not wish to be resuscitated then he could be left suffering alone in great pain in his last few minutes. The Liverpool Care Pathway suggests that the role of the nurse in the last few days of life shifts to a holistic approach of care to promote comfort and moves away from the idea of active care which includes any invasive or unnecessary procedures that could be avoided (REFERENCE). The Gold Standards Framework provides an holistic assessment plan to aid communication between the nurse and the patient, including how physical, emotional, social, spiritual and communicational needs came be met (Thomas, 2009) The nurse stated that medications can be arranged for end of life care to alleviate any pain and suffering. Discuss syringe drivers, end of life medication and controversy During the final stages of life a natural physiological process causes the swallowing reflex not to work and so the use of oral medication is limited (Thorns Gerrard, 2003). A common palliative care practice is to use a syringe driver to administer drugs (ODoherty et al, 2001), which allows comfortable parenteral treatment of pain, nausea and breathlessness (GrassbyHutchings, 1997). In most circumstances this form of medication administration comes without controversy (Woods, 2004), however, the double effect of sedatives and opiates will reduce anxiety and pain but have also been claimed to supress respiratory function, which has the potential to speed up the dying process (BNF, 2007). The most important aspect of this double effect is that it is permissible so long as death is not intended and is occurs as a byproduct of an intention carried out for the patients best interests (Fohr, 1998). Furthermore, it has been stated that there is a lack of empirical evidence to support this claim (Kaldjian et al, 2004) and research has suggested that repiratory depression does not occur with patients receiving opiods for pain in end of life treatment (Walsh, 1982). The role of the nurse is, therefore to allow the patient to die peacefully. However, health professionals are accountable for their actions and must be able to provide justifications if any problems arise (Dimond, 2004) An assessment using the Abbey pain scale(INCLUDE MORE DETAILS) was carried out to analyse levels of pain experienced by Mr Smith and the appropriate drugs were administered via the syringe driver. Mr Smith continued to deteriorate and died peacefully with his favourite classical music on, his daughter holding his hand and a picture of his wife by his bed. She also clarified that the advanced decision he would have made was only concerned with CPR and did not have to decline all treatment just because he declined one. The nurse asked him if it was clear the end was near what the staff and his family could do to help his transition into death. Mr Smith stated he did not want to be alone and wished to have his family with him to reassure him and comfort him in his last moments. The point of this discussion was not to overrule Mr Smiths advanced decision but to confirm its applicability and validity to his current circumstances. Details of these discussions were recorded in his care plan records in line with relevant policies (REFERENCE) WHAT WAS GOOD/ BAD ABOUT EXPERIENCE? GOOD THAT IT WAS REALISED BEFORE IT WAS TOO LATE BAD COMMUNICATION Analysis what sense can you make of the situation On reflection of the situation the complexities of the tensions between the rights of the patient and the role of the nurse become alarmingly apparent. Nurses are expected to use evidence based knowledge to inform their practice centred on the NMC professional code of conduct. This practice can often involve moral dilemmas on life and death matters for which the nurse can be held professionally accountable. The nurses role is ever more challenging when the patient is entitled to make their own decisions, often deemed unwise or not in their best interests. This reflection informs my practice as it highlights the importance of not only allowing the patient to make an informed decision based on knowledge and evidence but also to explore their feelings behind the decision to be made. In this case it wasnt that Mr Smith wanted CPR in the event of a cardiac arrest because he felt like it was the best option and would extend his life or the quality of it but because he was scared of dying a nd unsure of what would happen. As the nurse discussed his fears and anxieties and suggested ways in which these could be dealt with Mr Smith agreed that a DNR order would be the most effective way to ensure a peaceful and dignified death without prolonging any pain or suffering for him or his family. This experience has taught me that each situation is unique and there can never be any absolute right or wrong in nursing. Patients well-being depends on many factors including anxiety or unmet physical or emotional needs (Dewing, 2002). Communication with patients, their relatives or an advocate is of utmost importance when identifying individual needs as well as understanding the rationale behind decision making. Furthermore, communication between the multidisplinary team is imperative in order to promote best practice (Bridges and Wilkinson, 2011). The insight I have gained from this experience will inform my future practice to understand the feelings and attitudes behind the patients actions and behaviours. Conclusion what else could you have done Action plan, if it rose again what would you do Discussion General Medical Council. (2008). patient and doctor making decisions together. Available: http://www.gmc-uk.org/static/documents/content/Consent_0510.pdf. Last accessed 23 April 2011. Abbey Pain Scale Abbey, J; De Bellis, A; Piller, N; Esterman, A; Giles, L; Parker, D and Lowcay, B. Funded by the JH JD Gunn Medical Research Foundation 1998-2002. 10. Bedell SE, Pelle D, Maher PL, et al. Do-not-resuscitate orders for critically ill patients in the hospital. How are they used and what is their impact? JAMA 1986; 256: 233-237. 13. Haidet P, Hamel MB, Davis RB, et al. Outcomes, preferences for resuscitation and physicianpatient communication among patients with metastatic colon cancer. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. Am J Med 1998; 105: 222-229. 19. Deep KS, Grif?th CH, Wilson JF. Discussing preferences for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: what do resident physicians and their hospitalized patients think was decided? Patient Educ Couns 2008; 72: 20-25. Gallagher A, Wainwright P (2007) Terminal sedation: promoting ethical nursing practice. Nursing Standard. 21, 34, 42-46. Date of acceptance: January 4 2007. Fohr SA (1998) The double effect of pain medication: separating myth from reality. 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Baskett P, Steen P, Bossaert L (2006) The ethics of resuscitation and end of life decisions. In Baskett P, Nolan J (Eds) A Pocket Book of the European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2005. Mosby Elsevier, Edinburgh, 194-210. Beauchamp T, Childress J (2001) Principles of Biomedical Ethics. Fifth edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Biegler P (2003) Should patient consent be required to write a do not resuscitate order? Journal of Medical Ethics. 29, 6, 359-363. Cardozo M (2005) What is a good death? Issues to examine in critical care. British Journal of Nursing. 14, 20, 1056-1060. Costello J (2002) Do not resuscitate orders and older people: findings from an ethnographic study of hospital wards for older people. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 39, 5, 491-499. Dean J (2001) The resuscitation status of a patient: a constant dilemma. British Journal of Nursing. 10, 8, 537-543. Department of Health (2001a) Consent: What you have a Right to Expect. A Guide for Adults. The Stationery Office, London. Department of Health (2001b) Seeking Consent: Working with Older People. The Stationery Office, London. Department of Health (2001c) The Expert Patient: A New Approach to Chronic Disease Management for the 21st Century. The Stationery Office, London. Dimond B (2006) Mental capacity and professional advice in a patient with dysphagia. British Journal of Nursing. 15, 10, 574-575. Driscoll J, Teh B (2001) The potential of reflective practice to develop individual orthopaedic nurse practitioners and their practice. Journal of Orthopaedic Nursing. 5, 2, 95-103. Edwards S (1996) Nursing Ethics: A Principle-Based Approach. Macmillan, Basingstoke. Gibbs G (1988) Learning by Doing: A Guide to Teaching and Learning Methods. Further Education Unit, London. Hek G, Judd M, Moule P (2002) Making Sense of Research: An Introduction for Health and Social Care Practitioners. Second edition. Sage, London. Hendrick J (2000) Law and Ethics in Nursing and Health Care. Stanley Thornes, Cheltenham. Hutchinson C (2005) Addressing issues related to adult patients who lack the capacity to give consent. Nursing Standard. 19, 23, 47-53. Jevon P (1999) Do not resuscitate orders: the issues. Nursing Standard. 13, 40, 45-46. Jevon P, Raby M (2002) Resuscitation in primary care. Nursing Standard. 17, 7, 33-35. McDermott A (2002) Involving patients in discussions of do-not-resuscitate orders. Professional Nurse. 17, 8, 465-468. Noble-Adams R (1999) Ethics and nursing research 1: development, theories and principles. British Journal of Nursing. 8, 13, 888-892. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2004) The NMC Code of Professional Conduct: Standards for Conduct, Performance and Ethics. NMC, London. Oxtoby K (2005) Consent: obtaining permission to care. Nursing Times. 101, 1, 23. Payne S, Hardey M, Coleman P (2000) Interactions between nurses during handovers in elderly care. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 32, 2, 277-285. Pennels C (2001) Resuscitation: the legal and ethical implications. Professional Nurse. 16, 11, 1476-1477. Polit D, Beck C (2006) Essentials of Nursing Research: Methods, Appraisal and Utilization. Sixth edition. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia PA. Resuscitation Council (UK) (2001) Decisions Relating to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Joint Statement from the British Medical Association, the Resuscitation Council (UK) and the Royal College of Nursing. RC (UK), London. Royal College of Nursing (1997) Ethical Dilemmas: Issues in Nursing and Health 43. RCN, London. Rundell S, Rundell L (1992) The nursing contribution to the resuscitation debate. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 1, 2, 195-198. Schultz L (1997) Not for resuscitation: two decades of challenge for nursing ethics and practice. Nursing Ethics. 4, 3, 227-238. Sletteboe A (1997) Dilemma: a concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 26, 4, 449-454. Thompson I, Melia K, Boyd K, Horsburgh D (2006) Nursing Ethics. Fifth edition. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. Tschudin V (1992) Ethics in Nursing: The Caring Relationship. Second edition. Butterworth- Heinemann, Oxford. UK Clinical Ethics Network (2006) The Four Principles. www.ethics-network.org.uk/ framework/framework.htm (Last accessed: June 25 2007.)

Women of Trachis

Dying Wishes In the court of law, the â€Å"dying declaration† is the only form of testimony that a Judge will not rule out as hearsay. The logic being, that a man at the very edge of his life has nothing to lose, so therefore would have no reason to lie. In Sophocles’ tragedy, Women of Trachis, several characters make dying declarations, some of them, in fact, lies! These deathbed declarations, allow us to see into the minds of these characters. When the story opens, Deineira has been getting worried that something terrible has happened to him.She sends her son, Hyllus off to Eurytus to look for the lost warrior. Heracles’ herald, Lichas makes up a story about how Heracles was enslaved due to King Eurytus, and got his revenge by destroying the land and taking their women. However, a messenger points out that the whole reason Hercules ransacked the city was so that he could have the beautiful Iole for himself, for whom he was â€Å"hot with desire. † Inste ad of being furious with Heracles for being unfaithful, she eschews the blame to the gods of love, who â€Å"temped† him.It is then that she recalls the death wish of Nessus the centaur. As Nessus laid impaled with Heracles’ poison arrow, he whispered to Deineira that if she kept his clotted blood, she could use it later to â€Å"Charm on the mind of Heraclues so he will never see a woman he loves more than you. (87)† While it is generally uncommon for people to tell a lie on their death bed, this case was certainly an exception. Deineria was extremely naive to believe that a beast who had just been killed by her own husband would do her a favor.It seems perfectly clear that the centaur would want to avenge his own death by killing Heracles, which he ended up doing posthumously, because Dieneria took his word for it. She doesn’t realize until after her husband’s death what the beast’s true intentions were. Had Dieneria not put all her trust in the centaur, and assigned Heracles more blame for his ownshortcomings, the story might have had a happier ending. Once Dieneria hears that her attempt to â€Å"charm† Heracles has ended up causing Heracles a long, painful death, she kills herself in anguish.As Heracles is dying, throbbing with pain, he makes two grueling requests of his son Hyllus. First, he asks Hyllus to take him to the top of the mountain, chop down some trees, and set him on fire, to take him out of his misery, a task a son should never have to do to his own father. On top of that, Heracles insists that Hyllus marry Iole, the very woman who was the catalyst for the death of both of Hyllus’ parents. This is the worst imaginable scenario for Hyllus. By asking his son do this Heracles demonstrates his complete lack of sensitivity or compassion.Not only does he have no remorse whatsoever for deserting his wife for another woman, he wants his son to carry on this legacy of adultery for the rest of hi s life by wedding her. This shows complete lack of respect to his wife, and lack of compassion for his son. These dying declarations demonstrate the character flaws that end up killing Deineria and Heracles. Deineria’s naiviety and and overtrust get her into trouble, while Heracles’ downfall is his lack of compassion. Together, these character flaws are enough to cause great tragedy.

DNA Definition Shape, Replication, and Mutation

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a type of macromolecule known as a nucleic acid. It is shaped like a twisted double helix and is composed of long strands of alternating sugars and phosphate groups, along with nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine). DNA is organized into structures called chromosomes and housed within the nucleus of our cells. DNA is also found in cell mitochondria. DNA contains the genetic information necessary for the production of cell components, organelles, and for the reproduction of life. Protein production is a vital cell process that is dependent upon DNA. Information contained within the genetic code is passed from DNA to RNA to the resulting proteins during protein synthesis. Shape DNA is composed of a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases. In double-stranded DNA, the nitrogenous bases pair up. Adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and guanine pairs with cytosine (G-C). The shape of DNA resembles that of a spiral staircase. In this double helical shape, the sides of the staircase are formed by strands of deoxyribose sugar and phosphate molecules. The stair steps are formed by the nitrogenous bases. The twisted double helix shape of DNA helps to make this biological molecule more compact. DNA is further compressed into structures called chromatin so that it can fit within the nucleus. Chromatin is composed of DNA that is wrapped around small proteins known as histones. Histones help to organize DNA into structures called nucleosomes, which form chromatin fibers. Chromatin fibers are further coiled and condensed into chromosomes. Replication The double helix shape of DNA makes DNA replication possible. In replication, DNA makes a copy of itself in order to pass genetic information on to newly formed daughter cells. In order for replication to take place, the DNA must unwind to allow cell replication machinery to copy each strand. Each replicated molecule is composed of a strand from the original DNA molecule and a newly formed strand. Replication produces genetically identical DNA molecules. DNA replication occurs in interphase, a stage prior to the start of the division processes of mitosis and meiosis. Translation DNA translation is the process for the synthesis of proteins. Segments of DNA called genes contain genetic sequences or codes for the production of specific proteins. In order for translation to occur, the DNA must first unwind and allow DNA transcription to take place. In transcription, the DNA is copied and an RNA version of the DNA code (RNA transcript) is produced. With the help of cell ribosomes and transfer RNA, the RNA transcript undergoes translation and proteins synthesis. Mutation Any change in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is known as a gene mutation. These changes can affect a single nucleotide pair or larger gene segments of a chromosome. Gene mutations are caused by mutagens such as chemicals or radiation, and can also result from errors made during cell division.

Gym Essay - 2126 Words

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